Liquid-fuel burner.



i.. WYGODSKY.

LIQUD FUEL BURNER.

APPUCATION FILED ocT. 4, 19x5.

Patented May 80, 1916.

5 uve/Wto@ UNITED STATES PATENT oEEIoE.

LEON WYGODSKY, 0F NEW YORK.y N. Y.

LIQUID-FUEL BURNER.

Application led October 4, 1915.

Be it known that I. LEON VYGonsKv. a subject of the Czar of Russia, anda resident of New York. in the county of New York and `State of NewYork, have invented cer tain new and useful Improvements in Liquid-FuelBurners, of which the following is a specification.

My inventionrelates generally to liquid fuel burners, and particularlyto that type thereof known as torches particularly torches designed toburn kerosene and heav oils.

Torches of the type to which my invention relates comprise means foratomizing liquid fuel by the aid of air or other gas under pressure, theresulting jet of atomized fuel burning readily. Most of the torches ofthe type referred to use gasolene as the fuel, and workunsatisfactorily, if at all, with kerosene and heavier oils. For theproper combustion of kerosene, and, particularly, for the propercombustion of oils heavier than kerosene, extremely fine atomization isrequired: and such extremely line atomization is effected by theatomizing device of the torch herein described.

My invention comprises a novel constriu'- tion of liquid fuel burner,and particularly. a novel construction of the nozzle thereof. includingthe atomizing device.

The object of my invention `-is to improve and simplify liquid fueltorches of thc type referred to, and to render the same capable ofburning satisfactorily. kerosene and heavier oils,

I will now roceed to describe my invention with re erence to theaccompanying drawings, and will then point out the novel. features inclaims.

In said drawings: [figure 1 shows a c en tral vertical section of acomplete torch em bodying my invention. Fig. 2 shows. on a larger scale,an axial section of the discharge end of the nozzle thereof, and of theVfuel atomizing device forming a part of that nozzle. Fig. 3 shows atransverse section of the spraying device on the line :rof Fig. 2.

In the drawings, 1 designates a fuel reservoir having an inlet opening 2and an outv let opening 3, in which latter opening is fitted one end ofa bent nozzle 4. thv other end of said nozzle being provided with anatomizing device 5 of a construction hereinafter described. The nozzle 4has an inte- Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented 1lay30. |916.

Serial Ko. 53.882,.

rio-f duit 6 for the snppiy or liquid fuel from the reservoir to theadmiring device, and has also another duct l" for tne supply of compreisi-d air or other gas under pres-- 'sure tf tlv,y :xtf-mizing device:such air or otnci* gas be'ng conveyed to the duct 7 by mans of pipe 8.Within the reservoir lA the noz/.le is provided with a depending tube 9i ending nearly to the bottom of the reservoir i. the bore of this tubeforming a substantial continuation of the duct 6'; Such tube 9 being, ofcourse. open at the bottom.

The atomizinggr device comprises two me1nbers 10 and 11. tach taperingor cone-shaped at its outer end, the member 11 surrounding the memberi0. and having a discharge ori iice 1f, there being ay contracting space13 between the conical end portion of member 10 and the inside wall ofthe conical end portion of member 11. Member 10 has an interior bore 14forming a continuation of the bore (i ofV the nozzle, and contractingnear its end to a small discharge orifice 15.

Member 10 is, in general form, an externally screw threaded plug fittinginto s screw threaded recess 16 of the nozzle Ll and having a baseportion 17 of somewhat smaller diameter which has a force `fit in 1l;corresponding recess 18 of nozzle 4. .enr ber 11 is a sleevescrew-connected to menfhe 10, the rear portion of this sleeve haviYforce fit. in a recess 19 provided in the en nozzle 4. From the rear ofmember ll ai wardly, a recess 20 is provided hctwtc.. members 1() and11, and the compressed air duct 7 communicates with the recess 19 and sowith this space 20. Member 10 has fiat tcned portions 21 on two sides,the result being the provision of fiow spaces 22 extend-- ing from therair circulation space 20 for ward to the tapering space 13 between theconical portions of members 10 and 11.

lt will be seen that, by reason of the construction described, air underpressure passw ing from duct 7 into circulation space 20, has freeopportunity for circulation around the plug 10 and so passes throughboth flow spaces 22 intothe taperin space 13 and thence out through thedisc large orifice 12. Air under pressure issuing in that manner arounda centrally orifced member such as member 1Q, exerts a powerfulinductive ac tion, tending i draw 'Huid out through the central passageand dischai ge perforation of that member: and also exerts a powerfulatomizing action on liquid so drawn ont of ,thecentral orifice of themember 1() and dis- .charged I have found that the of member atomizingdevice, constructed as described atomizes kerosene and heavier oils ofthe grades known as fuel oil, so finely that very perfect combustion visproduced; an air pressure of about thirty pounds or greater beingcommonly employed.

The atomizer may be adjusted by screwing the cone 11 backward or forwardupon the cone 10. Because of the force fit of the portion 17 of plug 10in the recess 1S of the nozzle, and the tightness of the screw threadsof such plug in the recess 1G, and because of the force fit of the rearportion of the plug 11 in the recess 19 of the nozzle, no trouble isexperienced from leakage of air or oil. An important feature in thisconnection is the thinning` down, as indicated, of the rear portion ofthe plug 11, incident to the formation of the circulating space 20; forthis thinning down of e rear portion of the plug 11 decreases thestiffness of the rear portion of the plug to such an extent that the airpressure in the space 20 expands that plug slightly insuring a tight fitbetween the plug and the recess 19 of the nozzle.

Preferably the flame from the is projected through a member 23 linedwith refractory l'leat-insulating material 24, such as asbestos. Withoutthis member 23 I have noted, in some cases, a tendency for the flame tobe blown out if the air pressure rises too high; but when this member23, lined with refractory material, is

through the orifice 12 atomizer employed, no such tendency is noted, but

to the contrary, the llame is rendered more intense.

An important advantage of the torch above described is, that all theadjustment which may bo required from time to time, is effected at onepoint only and by the turning f one member only. Certain former torchesintended for the use of kerosene and heavierbfuel, of which I amaware,have comprised a number of adjustment devices; adjustment of one of suchadjustment devices, effecting, l'more or less, the conditions to becontrolled by the other adjustment device or devices, the result beingthat the proper adjustment of, such torches by ordinary mcn is renderedpractically impossible; but since. in my torcli, there is but one memberto adjust. any ordinal,y workman can adjust the torch with reasonableaccuracy. It will be appreciated that for proper operation of a torch ofthis type, and for the fine atomization of heavy fuel oils, absoluteconcentricity of the two members 10 and 11 is absolutely necessary. Thisabsolute concentricity is assured by the way in which the two members l0and 11 are connected to the nozzle 4. The recesses in this nozzle, intowhich the members l() and 1l fit are rarely made exactly concentric; andit is the fit of these members 1() and 11 in these recesses. rather thanthe fit of the screw threads by which the member l() is secured to thenozzle, and by which the member 1'1 is mounted upon the member l()e thatthe exact concentricity desired is obtained. The construction describdalso obviatcs the use of loci( nuts or. jalln nuts to hold the memberstightly. This torch requires no preheating of the oil, or the nozzle, oratomizing device, in order to enable it to operate successfully witheven heavy fuel oils; by which I mean oils which arc sufliciently fluidat ordinary temperatures to permit them to flow under the inductiveaction induced by ythe air jet, An advantage of the torch is that theoil is not under pressure in the reservoir and therefore no dangerattente its use. The refractoryT lining; of the hollow member or chimney23 through which the flame is projected, besides acting to avoidchilling of the outer portions of the combustible spray-stream, also hasa catalytic or wall-action greatljv facilitating combustion.

l. A liauid fuel burner comprising a nozzle haring a fuel-supply ductwithin it, a plug screw-threaded within said nozzle and having anunthreaded portion fitting closely within a corresponding recess of saidnozzle and serving to center said plug with respect to said nozzle andalso to form an anti-leakage joint therewith, said plug havingr a ductforming a continuation of the duct of the nozzle and contracting to asmall discharge orifice, the discharge end of such plug tapering, and asleeve surrounding said plug Aand screw-threaded thereto, and having anunthreadcd portion fitting closely at one end into a correspondingrecess of said nozzle and thereby centering the sleeve with respect tosaid nozzle and also forming an anti-leakage joint therewith, the otherond of' said :dci-rc having a discharge openingr registering with thedischarge opening of said plug, said sleeve formed internally to providea contracting space between said sleeve and thc discharge end of saidplug, the structure comprising a flow space for the passage of air underpressure through such contracting spaceI and the discharge outlet ofysaid sleeve.

A liquid fuel burner zle having a fuel supply duct Within it, a plugfitting closely into a corresponding recess of said nozzle and having aduct forming a continuation of the duct of that nozzle, and contractingto a small discharge orifice, the discharge end of said plug tapering,and a sleeve surrounding and mounted upon said plug and fitting closelyat one end into a corresponding recess of said nozcomprising a nozzle,the other end of said sleeve having a discharge opening registering withthe discharge opening of said plug, said sleeve formed internally toprovide a contracting space between said sleeve and the discharge end ofsaid plug, said plug being cut away at one or more points to provideflow space for the passage of air from the nozzle recess into which said'sleeve fits into the contracting space between the ends of said plugand sleeve, and means for supplying air under pressure to thesleeve-recess of said nozzle.

3. A liquid fuel burner comprising a nozzle havingl a fuel supply ductwithin it, a plug fitting closely into a corresponding recess of saidnozzle and having a dnct fornr ing a continuation of the duct of thatnozzle, and contracting to a small discharge orifice, the discharge endof said plug tapering, and a sleeve surrounding seid plug and fittingclosely at one end into a mrresponding recess of said nozzle` the otherend of said sleeve having a discharge opening registering with thedischarge opening of said plug, said sleeve formed internally to provide a contracting space between said sleeve and the discharge end ofsaid plug, said plug being cut away at one or more points to provideflow space for the passage of air from the nozzle recess into which saidsleeve fits into the contracting space between the ends of said plug andsleeve, said nozzle having also a longitudinal eccentric air snpply ductcommunicating with the sleeverecess of said nozzle.

4. A liquid fuel burner comprising a. nozzle having a fuel supply ductwithin it and having recesses of different diameters for reception ofdii'erent members of an atomizing device, and an atomizing deviceconnected to said nozzle and omni/rising inner and outer members havingdischarge oriices in line and having a contracting space between theirends, the inne of said inembers fitting into one of sai orifices of thenozzle, the outer of said members screw connected to the inner of saidmembers and having, in rear of its screw threaded portien, a relativelythin portion spaced away from the sai-:l inner member and fittingtightlji in one of said recesses of the nozzle, means being provided forthe supply of air ander pressure to the space between Said inner memberand the relatively thin portion of the outer member, and thence to thecontracting space between the ends of said inner and outer members.

ln testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

LEON VYGGDSKY. Vv'itnesses H. M, MARBLE, PAUL H. FRANKE.

